This page forms part of the Transcultural Health resource, published in 2004, and is preserved as a historical document for reference purposes only. Some information contained within it may no longer refer to current practice. More information
Appendices
- Appendix 1: Pro Forma For Definitions And Understandings
- Appendix 2: A question of culture?
- Appendix 3: Human Rights Act 1998
- Appendix 4: General Principles For Consultation For Race Equality
Appendix 1: Pro forma for definitions and understandings
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Appendix 2: A question of culture?
Answer as many of the following questions as possible.
- Name at least 7 cultural groups in or near where you work/live.
- What is the difference, if any, between Bangladeshi and Bengali?
- What are the five K's in relation to Sikhism?
- What are the five pillars of Islam?
- Write down whatever you know about the main dietary considerations for the following groups:
a) Hindus
b) Jews
c) Rastafarians
d) Muslims
e) Seventh Day Adventists
f) Roman Catholics - What Language do Muslims Speak?
- Name three religions of China
- Name some of the Caribbean islands
- What difficulties do the English terms 'Please' and 'Thank You' pose for intercultural communication?
- Are Travellers a racial group?
- What cultural considerations might workers (or others) need to know about the British?
- Write down any forms of address that you know from different languages.
- Write down some conventions of lifestyle of different cultural groups that might be important for interactions.
- What do you know about the Caste system?
Appendix 3: Human Rights Act 1998
Schedule 1
The articles part 1
The convention rights and freedoms
Article 2 Right to life
- Everyone's right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally, save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided by law.
- Deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in contravention of this Article when it results from the use of force, which is no more than absolutely necessary:
(a) in defence of any person from unlawful violence;
(b) in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained;
(c) in action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot or insurrection.
Article 3 Prohibition of torture
No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 4 Prohibition of slavery and forced labour
- No one shall be held in slavery or servitude.
- No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour.
- For the purpose of this Article the term "forced or compulsory labour" shall not include:
(a) any work required to be done in the ordinary course of detention imposed according to the provisions of Article 5 of this Convention or during conditional release from such detention;
(b) any service of a military character or, in case of conscientious objectors in countries where they are recognised, service exacted instead of compulsory military service;
(c) any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or well being of the community;
(d) any work or service, which forms part of normal civic obligations.
Article 5 Right to liberty and security
- Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be deprived of his liberty save in the following cases and in accordance with a procedure prescribed by law:
(a) the lawful detention of a person after conviction by a competent court;
(b) the lawful arrest or detention of a person for non-compliance with the lawful order of a court or in order to secure the fulfilment of any obligation prescribed by law;
(c) the lawful arrest or detention of a person effected for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal authority on reasonable suspicion of having committed an offence or when it is reasonably considered necessary to prevent his committing an offence or fleeing after having done so;
(d) the detention of a minor by lawful order for the purpose of educational supervision or his lawful detention for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal authority;
(e) the lawful detention of persons for the prevention of the spreading of infectious diseases, of persons of unsound mind, alcoholics or drug addicts or vagrants;
(f) the lawful arrest or detention of a person to prevent his effecting an unauthorised entry into the country or of a person against whom action is being taken with a view to deportation or extradition. - Everyone who is arrested shall be informed promptly, in a language which he understands, of the reasons for his arrest and of any charge against him.
- Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1(c) of this Article shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorised by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.
- Everyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings by which the lawfulness of his detention shall be decided speedily by a court and his release ordered if the detention is not lawful.
- Everyone who has been the victim of arrest or detention in contravention of the provisions of this Article shall have an enforceable right to compensation.
Article 6 Right to a fair trial
- In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. Judgement shall be pronounced publicly but the press and public may be excluded from all or part of the trial in the interest of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice.
- Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
- Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights:
(a) to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of the accusation against him;
(b) to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;
(c) to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require;
(d) to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;
(e) to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.
Article 7 No punisment without law
- No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under national or international law at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the criminal offence was committed.
- This Article shall not prejudice the trial and punishment of any person for any act or omission which, at the time when it was committed, was criminal according to the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations.
Article 8 Right to respect for private and family life
- Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.
- There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
Article 9 Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
- Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief, in worship, teaching, practice and observance.
- Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
Article 10 Freedom of expression
- Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This Article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises.
- The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary.
Article 11 Freedom of assembly and association
- Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and to freedom of association with others, including the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
- No restrictions shall be placed on the exercise of these rights other than such as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. This Article shall not prevent the imposition of lawful restrictions on the exercise of these rights by members of the armed forces, of the police or of the administration of the State.
Article 12 Right to marry
Men and women of marriageable age have the right to marry and to found a family, according to the national laws governing the exercise of this right.
Article 14 Prohibition of discrimination
The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.
Article 16 Restrictions on political activity of aliens
Nothing in Articles 10, 11 and 14 shall be regarded as preventing the High Contracting Parties from imposing restrictions on the political activity of aliens.
Article 17 Prohibition of abuse of rights
Nothing in this Convention may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein or at their limitation to a greater extent than is provided for in the Convention.
Article 18 Limitation on use of restrictions on rights
The restrictions permitted under this Convention to the said rights and freedoms shall not be applied for any purpose other than those for which they have been prescribed.
Appendix 4: General principles for consultation for race equality
(These principles were developed from the 1990 Trust principles on good practice on consultation in Black communities.)
Identifying appropriate consultees
The officer with lead responsibility should set out the factors that shape the proposed policy, for example geographical area, age groups, occupational groups, cost, timescale, other bodies affected. These factors should provide a guide to the individuals and groups likely to be affected, who should be consulted. As the object is to learn about the likely impact on race equality, the consultation should always include relevant ethnic minority and community groups and others working on issues of race equality.
Form of consultation
The form of consultation will be determined by the nature and complexity of the questions to be asked, the groups to be consulted who they are, where they are, the size of the group(s), languages and the types of settings in which consultees are likely to be most forthcoming.
Critical timing
It is important to ensure that the consultation process is credible. To achieve this, timing is critical, both in terms of being culturally sensitive so as not to clash with major events or religious observances and allowing enough time for considered responses. The process should be structured to allow adequate time to ensure that responses from relevant individuals, organisations and communities can be fed into strategic decision making processes. The Greater London Authority guideline for the period of consultation is 3 months however this will vary according to the complexity.
Clarity of objectives
Consultees will need to have clarity about the policy and also the questions on which their views are sought - in the context of consulting about the likely impact of policies on the promotion of race equality. Officers should provide full information as well as any preliminary assessments on race equality. Where alternatives are being considered, all should be included in the consultation. Officers should ask specifically for consultees views on how this policy can impact on eliminating racial discrimination, promoting equal opportunity and good race relations. It is important to ensure that objectives and goals are realistic, achievable and sustainable.
Capacity building
Capacity building communities’ knowledge base about the issues under discussion constitutes a community development approach to consultation. It is important that no assumptions are made about the level of expertise existent within the community, even in regard to issues that are of huge concern to communities. Some preparatory work around the issues and processes will inevitably result in an informed and qualitative response. Providing an opportunity for communities to ask any questions or seek any clarification about the issues under discussion will be particularly useful.
Using Black or community organisations from target groups to initiate consultation in partnership with institutions and agencies can often increase confidence and build credibility within communities. Utilising credible Black and community organisations to capacity build community knowledge and develop understanding, will enhance the consultative process. This partnership approach has to be properly resourced to ensure objectivity. The Black Londoners Forum is an obvious choice for consultation at a strategic and pan London level, but there needs to be additional consultation in localities or with particular target groups.
Sustainability
It is important to demonstrate the sustainability of the issues raised throughout consultation. It is important that Consultees are given feedback and that institutions and agencies demonstrate how their views have informed either policy or service delivery. It is equally important to ensure that a commitment to report back, evaluate and assess progress made in the longer term is seen as part of the process. One meeting may not be enough be prepared to go back.
Transparency
Openness and access to information have to inform the entire process if it is to be credible and to have the confidence of different communities and interest groups. All relevant and strategic information should be provided, or available, to all consultees. There should be a single, open agenda.
Monitoring and evaluation
The need to demonstrate what has been achieved through the process and to seek community feedback about the process itself is an important tool in establishing credibility and seeking to further develop the quality of consultation.
Location
Make sure that all arrangements for consultation are culturally appropriate or compatible. Meetings, focus groups, citizens’ juries, should normally take place with the communities being consulted.
Communication/Language
Ensure that there are interpreters or translators where necessary. This requires prior knowledge of the communities to be consulted.
Provide for specific needs within target groups for consultation
There may be a need for women only consultation meetings, or disabled only, elders, youth (possibly boys and girls separately), gay and lesbian only. Some policies may be aimed at multiple equality groups, such as Black Lesbians or Asian young men, and this should be clearly stated.