Older people and footcare - key issues

General rules for footcare

Older people with diabetes should pay special attention to their feet as they are prone to developing foot complications. Following simple, everyday foot care tips can prevent serious problems.

Diabetes UK suggests the following steps to prevent or detect foot problems (Diabetes UK, 2010b).

  • Check feet daily, including between toes and look for thickened hard skin, changes in colour and breaks in the skin. A mirror may help to view the sole of the foot.
  • Wash feet each day in warm water and with a mild soap – check the water temperature, as the person with diabetes may not be able to feel hot or cold temperatures. Dry feet carefully, especially between the toes.
  • If the skin is dry, apply an emollient or moisturising cream but avoid the areas between the toes.
    Do not use over the counter products to treat corns and callous.
  • Avoid using a hot water bottle in case you have reduced sensation – bed socks are better.
  • Make sure that socks and shoes are not too tight.
  • Wear shoes which are comfortable and broad fitting, always check inside for stones, sharp objects or ruffled lining
  • Avoid socks or stockings with wrinkles, prominent seams or darned areas. Elastic tops should be avoided as they may restrict circulation.
  • Keep blood glucose, blood pressure and blood fat levels as near normal as possible.
  • Keep any appointments with the podiatrist (chiropodist).

It is advisable to seek immediate medical advice if the following danger signs appear:

  • swelling
  • changes in colour of the skin
  • sores or cuts that do not heal
  • skin that feels hot to touch
  • difficulty in moving the foot.

These could indicate poor circulation, an infection, the early stages of an ulcer or gangrene.

Footcare and the older person

Older people should inspect their feet daily. Foot complications and infections are more common due to the individual physically being unable to care for their feet. Limited joint and knee mobility may cause problems, and in this instance a hand mirror may be used to check their feet. However, if they are still experiencing difficulties, they should seek advice from a health care professional.

Other factors such as lack of motivation, poor vision, forgetfulness and mental health problems may prevent older people from checking their feet regularly.

For more information, go to: older people and footcare.