Definitions
We have used the following definitions of social exclusion and health inequality to provide the context for promoting socially inclusive practice:
'Social exclusion is a complex and multi-dimensional process. It involves the lack or denial of resources, rights, goods and services, and the inability to participate in the normal relationships and activities, available to the majority of people in a society, whether in economic, social, cultural or political arenas. It affects both the quality of life of individuals and the equity and cohesion of society as a whole' (Levitas et al 2007, p.9).
and
'Health inequalities are not only apparent between people of different socio-economic groups—they exist between different genders, different ethnic groups, and the elderly and people suffering from mental health problems or learning disabilities also have worse health than the rest of the population. The causes of health inequalities are complex, and include lifestyle factors—smoking, nutrition, exercise to name only a few — and also wider determinants such as poverty, housing and education. Access to healthcare may play a role, and there are particular concerns about ‘institutional ageism’, but this appears to be less significant than other determinants' (House of Commons Health Committee 2009, p.5).
References
The items in this reference list are available online. They were last accessed on 4 April 2013.
These are in PDF format - see how to access PDF files.
Levitas R et al (2007) The multi-dimensional analysis of social exclusion (PDF 1.74MB), London: Cabinet Office Social Exclusion Task Force.
House of Commons Health Committee (2009) Health inequalities. Third report of session 2008-09 (PDF 2.20MB), London: UK Parliament.