A full list of the types of claims that can be made at an employment tribunal can be found on the Ministry of Justice website. These include unfair dismissal, equal pay and discrimination claims.
If you are considering a claim to an employment tribunal, please call us and read the section on RCN support below.
If you are considering Early Conciliation please contact us on 0345 772 6100 before taking any further action.
An Employment Tribunal claim may be an avenue available to you if you’re unhappy with a decision taken by your employer and it is a decision that an Employment Tribunal has jurisdiction to deal with.
Before pursuing an Employment Tribunal claim, you are legally required to take part in Early Conciliation which is a service provided by ACAS. If you submit an Employment Tribunal claim without having undertaken Early Conciliation your claim will be rejected.
Early conciliation can help resolve various workplace disputes including:
If our Legal Services department believes that your potential Employment Tribunal claim has more than reasonable prospects of success, they will represent you during the Early Conciliation process. However, if we believe that your potential claim does not have more than reasonable prospects of success, we will not be able to provide you with legal representation and you will have to undertake Early Conciliation personally or instruct alternative solicitors at your own cost.
If you trigger the Early Conciliation process prior to seeking our advice, we will review the merits of your potential complaint and confirm whether it meets our criteria for support. You must not name the RCN as your representative for Early Conciliation without our knowledge and consent.
Early Conciliation has an impact on the calculation of the deadline for presenting an Employment Tribunal claim and it is your responsibility to be certain of the deadline for presenting your potential claim.
After notifying ACAS you can make a claim to an employment tribunal by completing an ET1 form. There are strict time limits depending on the type of claim you are making. Any claims that have more than reasonable prospects of success, should be made with the support of the RCN Legal Services department. Please contact us if you are considering making a claim.
Further information on making a claim to an employment tribunal can be found on the Ministry of Justice website.
There are strict time limits on making an employment tribunal claim. In most cases the claim must be lodged with the employment tribunal within three months (less one day) of the relevant event (subject to the impact of the early conciliation period as above). There are some exceptions to this. See the government’s information at Gov.uk.
To qualify for a claim of unfair dismissal you must be employed with your current employer for two years. There are certain circumstances where the qualifying period does not apply such as when the unfair dismissal is one of the automatically unfair categories i.e. in connection to maternity rights, paternity leave, asserting a statutory right, health and safety cases, whistleblowing and trade union activities.
If the time limits are missed then you may wish to consider pursuing your claim in the civil courts in England or Sheriff court (Scotland) depending on whether those courts have jurisdiction to deal with it.
If you pursue a claim in the Employment Tribunal, the proceedings will usually follow the same format:
At the final hearing:
The Tribunal will decide if your claim is well founded. If they agree they will also decide on the appropriate remedy. In Unfair Dismissal cases, they may order your employer to re-instate you to your original job or re-engage you in a different job. The Tribunal may also award compensation.
We will support you at an Employment Tribunal if you are in membership at the time of the incident and your claim is deemed to have reasonable prospects of success i.e. more than 51%. This decision will be made by the RCN Legal Services department. Please contact us so that we can discuss the issue with you.
If we decide your case does not meet our criteria for support you can continue, either with or without the help of a solicitor or the Citizens Advice Bureau. If you pursue a claim independently, the RCN will not be responsible for your legal costs.
In addition to the merits criteria, the RCN also operates a minimum value threshold for Employment Tribunal claims and we will not support those with a value below £1000 net. We can also not support small claims in the civil courts.
The county court deals with civil cases in England and Wales. Cases are dealt with by a judge. County courts deal with a wide range of cases including contractual employment claims. In England and Wales a case will be dealt with in one of three ways depending on the level of claim.
There are three tracks:
If you make a claim to the county court you should consider the following:
*Please note, costs are not recoverable for small claims and as such we will not support County Court claims of less that £10,000. Legal aid is not available for small claims. See Gov.uk for further information on County Courts.
The Sheriff court in Scotland can deal with most types of civil cases and cases are dealt with by a Sheriff. A Sheriff is a judge assigned to a specific court. Cases the Sheriff court deals with can include:
Depending on the amount being claimed the case will proceed through a designated procedure. The Sheriff may decide to assign the case to the Court of Session.
Points to consider if making a claim to the Sheriff's court:
Go to the Scottish courts website for further information.
The county court in Northern Ireland deals with civil cases. The cases are dealt with by a judge or district judge.
The range of cases can include:
The small claims limit involves a claim of no more than £3000. Go to the Northern Ireland Courts and Tribunals Service website for further information.
You can make a claim to the small claims court for up to £10,000 in England and Wales and £3,000 in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Mediation is available for small claims and not all claims result in a court hearing and you can make a money claim online.
You should always try to resolve the problem before it goes to court. You will usually have to pay a court fee, and may not win your case or get any monies owed.
The judge can decide that a case cannot be heard as a small claim if it is too complex. If your claim is above the small claims track limit, or a judge decides that you cannot use the small claims court. In those circumstances you will have to use the formal county court procedure.
If you are considering making a claim for breach of contract, consumer problems or monies outstanding under the small claims procedure, or are defending a claim, please see the guidance at Gov.uk.
There is a different process for court claims in Scotland please use the search term 'small claims' on the home page of the Scottish Court Service (SCS) website.
To make a claim in Northern Ireland, please see the Northern Ireland Courts and Tribunal Service.
Check your entitlements to pay - whether you work in the NHS or the independent sector.
Get answers to your contract questions including notice queries and whether your employer can change your contract.
Page last updated - 05/01/2021
